Chemically, aspartame is composed of two amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, alongside a methanol group. This combination not only gives it its sweetness but also contributes to the ongoing discussions about its potential health effects, particularly for individuals with certain medical conditions. Phenylalanine, for instance, can be harmful to people with phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare genetic disorder. As a result, food products containing aspartame are required to carry warnings for individuals with PKU, emphasizing the need for regulatory oversight and public awareness.